Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a mesenchymal tumor that typically arises
from the alimentary tract [
[1]
]. In the past, these tumors were classified as leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas, or leiomyoblastomas.
Only recently has it become evident that GIST is a separate entity and the most common
sarcoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with an annual incidence in the United
States of approximately 5000 [
[2]
].To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Advances in SurgeryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Gastric stromal tumors. Reappraisal of histogenesis.Am J Surg Pathol. 1983; 7: 507-519
- NCCN Task Force report: management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)—update of the NCCN clinical practice guidelines.J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007; 5 ([quiz: S30]): S1-S29
- Gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumor (GIPACT): gastrointestinal stromal tumors show phenotypic characteristics of the interstitial cells of Cajal.Am J Pathol. 1998; 152: 1259-1269
- KIT activation is a ubiquitous feature of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Cancer Res. 2001; 61: 8118-8121
- PDGFRA activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Science. 2003; 299: 708-710
- Association of KIT exon 9 mutations with nongastric primary site and aggressive behavior: KIT mutation analysis and clinical correlates of 120 gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Clin Cancer Res. 2003; 9: 3329-3337
- Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in a patient with a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor.N Engl J Med. 2001; 344: 1052-1056
- Long-term results from a randomized phase II trial of standard- versus higher-dose imatinib mesylate for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors expressing KIT.J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26: 620-625
- Two hundred gastrointestinal stromal tumors: recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival.Ann Surg. 2000; 231: 51-58
- Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumours with germline mutation of the KIT gene.Nat Genet. 1998; 19: 323-324
- PDGFRA germline mutation in a family with multiple cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.Gastroenterology. 2004; 126: 318-321
- The histopathological differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours.J Clin Pathol. 2001; 54: 96-102
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the incidence, prevalence, clinical course, and prognostication in the preimatinib mesylate era—a population-based study in western Sweden.Cancer. 2005; 103: 821-829
- Molecular characterization of pediatric gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14: 3204-3215
- EUS-guided FNA for the diagnosis of GI stromal cell tumors: sensitivity and cytologic yield.Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 70: 254-261
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyosarcomas.J Surg Oncol. 2008; 97: 350-359
- Tumor mitotic rate, size, and location independently predict recurrence after resection of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).Cancer. 2008; 112: 608-615
- Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for recurrence-free survival after complete surgical resection of localised primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a retrospective analysis.Lancet Oncol. 2009; 10: 1045-1052
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: review on morphology, molecular pathology, prognosis, and differential diagnosis.Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006; 130: 1466-1478
- Clinicopathologic study of primary malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach, with special reference to prognostic factors: analysis of results in 140 surgically resected patients.Gastric Cancer. 2003; 6: 39-48
- Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic resection of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Ann Surg. 2006; 243 ([discussion: 745–7]): 738-745
- Prognostic factors influencing survival in gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas. Implications for surgical management and staging.Ann Surg. 1992; 215: 68-77
- Clinical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: before and after STI-571.Hum Pathol. 2002; 33: 466-477
- Update on the biology and therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Cancer Control. 2005; 12: 44-56
- Treatment of metastatic sarcoma to the liver with bland embolization.Cancer. 2006; 107: 1617-1623
- Management of resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumor.Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2009; 23 (viii): 79-96
- Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors.N Engl J Med. 2002; 347: 472-480
- Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomised trial.Lancet. 2004; 364: 1127-1134
- Phase III randomized, intergroup trial assessing imatinib mesylate at two dose levels in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors expressing the kit receptor tyrosine kinase: S0033.J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26: 626-632
DeMatteo RP, Owzar K, Antonescu CR, et al. Efficacy of adjuvant imatinib mesylate following complete resection of localized, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) at high risk of recurrence: the U.S. Intergroup phase II trial ACOSOG Z9000. Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, Orlando (FL), January 25–27, 2008.
- Adjuvant imatinib mesylate after resection of localised, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Lancet. 2009; 373: 1097-1104
- Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate (IM) for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): early results of RTOG 0132/ACRIN 6665.J Surg Oncol. 2009; 99: 42-47
- Results of hepatic resection for sarcoma metastatic to liver.Ann Surg. 2001; 234 ([discussion: 547–8]): 540-547
- Safety and efficacy of imatinib (STI571) in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a phase I study.Lancet. 2001; 358: 1421-1423
- Results of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy followed by surgical resection for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor.Ann Surg. 2007; 245: 347-352
- Surgery of residual disease following molecular-targeted therapy with imatinib mesylate in advanced/metastatic GIST.Ann Surg. 2007; 245: 341-346
- Surgical management of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors after treatment with targeted systemic therapy using kinase inhibitors.J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24: 2325-2331
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: 5 years later.Cancer. 2005; 104: 1781-1788
- Prospective multicentric randomized phase III study of imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors comparing interruption versus continuation of treatment beyond 1 year: the French Sarcoma Group.J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25: 1107-1113
- Initial and late resistance to imatinib in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors are predicted by different prognostic factors: a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Italian Sarcoma Group-Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group study.J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23: 5795-5804
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).Ann Oncol. 2006; 17: x280-x286
- Kinase mutations and imatinib response in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor.J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21: 4342-4349
- Acquired resistance to imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor occurs through secondary gene mutation.Clin Cancer Res. 2005; 11: 4182-4190
- Mechanisms of resistance to imatinib mesylate in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and activity of the PKC412 inhibitor against imatinib-resistant mutants.Gastroenterology. 2005; 128: 270-279
- Efficacy of the kinase inhibitor SU11248 against gastrointestinal stromal tumor mutants refractory to imatinib mesylate.Clin Cancer Res. 2006; 12: 2622-2627
- Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial.Lancet. 2006; 368: 1329-1338
- Cytoreductive surgery in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor treated with sunitinib malate.Ann Surg Oncol. 2010; 17: 407-415
Article info
Footnotes
Disclosures: Ronald P. DeMatteo has served on advisory boards for Novartis and received honoraria.
Identification
Copyright
© 2011 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
