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Review Article| Volume 45, ISSUE 1, P117-130, September 2011

Stem Cells in Acute Liver Failure

      The potential use of stem cells as therapy for failing organ systems is being explored in diverse organ and tissue injury areas. It has been shown that bone marrow-derived stem cells can transdifferentiate into a variety of adult cell types, including hepatocytes [
      • Jiang Y.
      • Jahagirdar B.N.
      • Reinhardt R.L.
      • et al.
      Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow.
      ,
      • Petersen B.E.
      • Bowen W.C.
      • Patrene K.D.
      • et al.
      Bone marrow as a potential source of hepatic oval cells.
      ,
      • Lagasse E.
      • Connors H.
      • Al-Dhalimy M.
      • et al.
      Purified hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo.
      ,
      • Theise N.D.
      • Badve S.
      • Saxena R.
      • et al.
      Derivation of hepatocytes from bone marrow cells in mice after radiation-induced myeloablation.
      ,
      • Theise N.D.
      • Nimmakayalu M.
      • Gardner R.
      • et al.
      Liver from bone marrow in humans.
      ]. Applications for hematopoietic stem cells and cytokines aimed at mobilizing stem cells in other organs have been assessed with benefit shown in myocardial ischemia [
      • Leone A.M.
      • Rutella S.
      • Bonanno G.
      • et al.
      Endogenous G-CSF and CD34+ cell mobilization after acute myocardial infarction.
      ,
      • Achilli F.
      • Malafronte C.
      • Lenatti L.
      • et al.
      Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates left ventricular remodeling after acute anterior STEMI: results of the single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicentre STem cEll Mobilization in Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEM-AMI) Trial.
      ] and acute kidney injury [
      • Stokman G.
      • Leemans J.C.
      • Claessen N.
      • et al.
      Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization therapy accelerates recovery of renal function independent of stem cell contribution.
      ]. The aim of this review is to assess the emerging evidence for the role of stem cells in assisting the acutely failing liver.
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